Perang Kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat (1774-1783)

Perang kemerdekaan Amerika adalah perjuangan tiga belas koloni (daerah jajahan) Inggris di Amerika untuk memperoleh kemerdekaan. Perang itu terjadi karena pemerintah Inggris menarik pajak terhadap koloni-koloni tanpa hak perwakilan dalam Parlemen. Contohnya adalah Stamp Act 1765 dan Townshend Act 1767.

Stamp Act (undang-undang meterai) 1765 adalah undang-undang yang mengatur pajak meterai untuk penerbitan-penerbitan dan dokumen-dokumen resmi dari koloni-koloni di Amerika. Stamp Act sangat ditentang oleh koloni karena hal itu merupakan beban yang berat.
George Washington
Bapak Kemerdekaan Amerika
Townshend Act 1767 adalah undang-undang parlemen Inggris yang mewajibkan pembayaran bea masuk untuk barang-barang gelas, timah, cat, kertas dan teh. Akibatnya antara lain pembunuhan terhadap sekitar lima orang pengunjuk rasa eks serdadu Inggris yang ditugaskan khusus untuk menjamin pelaksanaan undang-undang itu di Boston, dan pembakaran Gaspee ialah sejenis perahu yang digunakan untuk keperluan pelaksanaan peraturan pajak, selain itu juga terjadi pelemparan muatan teh ke dalam laut pelabuhan Boston oleh penduduk yang menyamar sebagai orang India.
Terhadap kejadian-kejadian di atas, Parlemen Inggris menetapkan lima undang-undang yang membatasi kebebasan politik dan gerak kedaerahan para kolonis. Ketigabelas koloni kemudian membuat dewan yang menyusun daftar keluhan yang kemudian disampaikan kepada Raja Inggris. Dewan ini kelak akan berkembang menjadi Kongres Amerika Serikat.

Pemberontakan sehera meletus dan dipimpin oleh George Washington, selanjutnya pecah peperangan di Lexington, Concoed dan Bunker Hill hingga meluas ke wilayah-wilayah lain. George Washington mengumumkan pernyataan kemerdekaan (Declaration of Independence) tanggal 4 Juli 1776 dan diterima oleh wakil-wakil ketigabelas koloni.

Perang terus berkecamuk sekalipun kemerdekaan Amerika telah dinyatakan. Jendral Busgoyne (Inggris) menyerah di Saratoga. Kekalahan Busgoyne mendorong Perancis (1778), Spanyol (1779) dan Belanda (1780) menyatakan perang kepada Inggris. Kedudukan Inggris menjadi terdesak. Perancis adalah negara yang sejak lama menjadi saingan Inggris. Maka dalam Perang Kemerdekaan itu Perancis banyak memberikan bantuan kepada para patriot Amerika.

Perang diakhiri dengan Perjanjian Paris tahun 1783. Dalam perjanjian itu, Inggris mengakui Kemerdekaan Amerika.


Thanks to http://halim28.blogspot.com/

Privacy Policy

Muslimjurnal.cf Privacy Policy
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California Online Privacy Protection Act
CalOPPA is the first state law in the nation to require commercial websites and online services to post a privacy policy. The law's reach stretches well beyond California to require a person or company in the United States (and conceivably the world) that operates websites collecting personally identifiable information from California consumers to post a conspicuous privacy policy on its website stating exactly the information being collected and those individuals with whom it is being shared, and to comply with this policy. - See more at: http://consumercal.org/california-online-privacy-protection-act-caloppa/#sthash.0FdRbT51.dpuf
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COPPA (Children Online Privacy Protection Act)
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Fair Information Practices
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• Within 7 business days
We will notify the users via in-site notification
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We also agree to the Individual Redress Principle, which requires that individuals have a right to pursue legally enforceable rights against data collectors and processors who fail to adhere to the law. This principle requires not only that individuals have enforceable rights against data users, but also that individuals have recourse to courts or government agencies to investigate and/or prosecute non-compliance by data processors.
CAN SPAM Act
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Contacting Us
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